✕ Export StudySet with Hashtags Cards will be separated by 4 hashtags and sides will be separated by 2 hashtags.
with Tab & New Line Cards will be separated by a new line and sides will be separated by a tab.
with Comma and Semicolon Cards will be separated by a semicolon and sides will be separated by a comma.
with Custom Cards will be separated by a custom character and sides will be separated by a custom character.
Between Sides
Between Cards
Copy the text below {"ops":[{"insert":"50\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"general effluent standard for BOD class c water body\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"domestic waste\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"mainly contains human and animal waste, household waste, small amounts of groundwater infiltration and small amounts of industrial waste\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Absorb\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"To take in; many things absorb water.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Acid rain\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The results when rain combines with sulfur-oxide emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels (coal, for example).\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Acre-feet (acre-foot)\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"An expression of water quantity. One acre-foot will cover 1 acre of ground 1 foot deep. An acre-foot contains 43,560 cubic feet, 1233 cubic meters, or 325,829 gallons (U.S). Also abbreviated as ac-ft.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Activated carbon\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Derived from vegetable or animal materials by roasting in a vacuum furnace. Its porous nature gives it a very high surface area per unit mass—as much as 1000 square meters per gram, which is 10 million times the surface area of 1 gram of water in an open container.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Activated sludge\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The solids formed when microorganisms are used to treat wastewater using the activated sludge treatment process. It includes organ- isms, accumulated food materials, and waste products from the aerobic decomposition process.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Adsorption\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The adhesion of a substance to the surface of a solid or liquid. Adsorption is often used to extract pollutants by causing them to attach to such adsorbents as activated carbon or silica gel.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Hydrophobic\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"(water-repulsing) adsorbents are used to extract oil from waterways in oil spills.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Advanced wastewater treatment\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Treatment technology used to produce an extremely high-quality discharge.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Aerobic\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Condition in which free, elemental oxygen is present; also used to describe organisms, biological activity, or treatment processes that require free oxygen.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Agglomeration\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Floc particles colliding and gathering into a larger settleable mass.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Air gap\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The air space between the free-flowing discharge end of a supply pipe and an unpressurized receiving vessel.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Algae bloom\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"A phenomenon whereby excessive nutrients within a river, stream, or lake causes an explosion of plant life that results in the depletion of oxygen in the water needed by fish and other aquatic life. Algae bloom is usually the result of urban runoff (lawn fertilizers, etc.). A potential consequence is a fish kill, where the stream life dies en masse.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Alum\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Aluminum sulfate, a standard coagulant used in water treatment.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Ambient\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The expected natural conditions that occur in water unaffected or uninfluenced by human activities.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Anaerobic\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Conditions in which no oxygen (free or combined) is available; also used to describe organisms, biological activity, or treatment processes that function in the absence of oxygen.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Anoxic\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Condition in which no free, elemental oxygen is present; the only source of oxygen is combined\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Aquifer\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"A water-bearing stratum of permeable rock, sand, or gravel.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Aquifer system\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"A heterogeneous body of introduced permeable and less permeable material that acts as a water-yielding hydraulic unit of regional extent.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Artesian water\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"A well tapping a confined or artesian aquifer in which the static water level stands above the top of the aquifer. The term is sometimes used to include all wells tapping confined water. Wells with water level above the water table are said to have positive artesian head (pressure), and those with water level below the water table have negative artesian head.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Average monthly discharge limitation\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The highest allowable discharge over a calendar month.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Average weekly discharge limitation\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The highest allowable discharge over a calendar week.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Backflow\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Reversal of flow when pressure in a service connection exceeds the pressure in the distribution main\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Backwash\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Fluidizing filter media with water, air, or a combination of the two so individual grains can be cleaned of the material that has accumulated during the filter run.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Bacteria\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Any of a number of one-celled organisms, some of which cause disease.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Bar screen\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"A series of bars formed into a grid used to screen out large debris from influent flow.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Base\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"A substance that has a pH value between 7 and 14.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Basin\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"A groundwater reservoir defined by the overlying land surface and underlying aquifers that contain water stored in the reservoir.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Beneficial use of water\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The use of water for any beneficial purpose, such as for domestic consumption, irrigation, recreation, fish and wildlife, fire protec- tion, navigation, power generation, and industrial use. The benefit varies from one location to another and by custom. What constitutes beneficial use is often defined by statute or court decisions.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The oxygen used to meet the metabolic needs of aerobic microorganisms in water that is rich in organic matter.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Biosolids\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Solid organic matter recovered from a sewage treatment process and used especially as fertilizer or soil amendment\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Biota\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"All the species of plants and animals indigenous to a certain area.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Boiling point\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The temperature at which a liquid boils; the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the pressure on its surface. If the pressure of the liquid varies, the actual boiling point varies. The boiling point of water is 212° Fahrenheit or 100° Celsius.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Breakpoint\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Point at which chlorine dosage satisfies chlorine demand.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Calcium carbonate\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Compound principally responsible for hardness.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Calcium hardness\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Portion of total hardness caused by calcium compounds.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD)\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The amount of biochemical oxygen demand that can be attributed to carbonaceous material.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Carbonate hardness\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Caused primarily by compounds containing carbonate.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Chemical oxygen demand (COD)\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The amount of chemically oxidizable materials present in the wastewater.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Chlorination\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Disinfection of water using chlorine as the oxidizing agent.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Clarifier\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"A device designed to permit solids to settle or rise and be separated from the flow; also known as a settling tank or sedimentation basin.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Coagulation\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Neutralization of the charges of colloidal matter.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Coliform\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"A type of bacteria used to detect possible human or animal contamination of water.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Combined sewer\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"A collection system that carries both wastewater and stormwater flows.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Comminution\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"A process to shred solids into smaller, less harmful particles.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Composite sample\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"A combination of individual samples taken in proportion to flow.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Connate water\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Pressurized water trapped in the pore spaces of sedimentary rock at the time it was deposited; it is usually highly mineralized.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Contamination (water)\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Damage to the quality of water sources by sewage, industrial waste, or other material.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Cross-connection\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"A connection between a storm drain system and a sanitary collection system, a connection between two sections of a collection system to handle anticipated overloads of one system, or a connection between drinking (potable) water and an unsafe water supply or sanitary collection system.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Daily discharge\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The discharge of a pollutant measured during a calendar day or any 24-hour period that reasonably represents a calendar day for the purposes of sampling. Limitations expressed as weight are total mass (weight) discharged over the day; limitations expressed in other units are aver- age measurement of the day.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Daily maximum discharge\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The highest allowable values for a daily discharge.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Darcy's law\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"An equation for the computation of the quantity of water flowing through porous media. Darcy's law assumes that the flow is laminar and that inertia can be neglected. The law states that the rate of viscous flow of hom*ogenous fluids through isotropic porous media is proportional to, and in the direction of, the hydraulic gradient.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Detention time\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The theoretical time water remains in a tank at a give flow rate.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Dewatering\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The removal or separation of a portion of water present in a sludge or slurry.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Diffusion\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The process by which both ionic and molecular species dissolved in water move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Disinfection\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Water treatment process that kills pathogenic organisms.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Dissolved oxygen (DO)\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The amount of oxygen dissolved in water or sewage. Concentrations of less than 5 parts per million (ppm) can limit aquatic life or cause offensive odors. Excessive organic matter present in water because of inadequate waste treatment and runoff from agricultural or urban land generally causes low DO levels.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Dissolved solids\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The total amount of dissolved inorganic material contained in water or wastes; excessive dissolved solids make water unsuitable for drinking or industrial uses.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Domestic consumption (use)\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Water used for household purposes such as washing, food preparation, and showers.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Drawdown\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Lowering the water level by pumping; it is measured in feet for a given quantity of water pumped during a specified period or after the pumping level has become constant.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Effluent\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Something that flows out, usually a polluting gas or liquid discharge.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Eutrophication\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The process of enrichment of water bodies by nutrients. Eutrophication of a lake normally contributes to its slow evolution into a bog or marsh and ultimately to dry land. Eutrophication may be accelerated by human activities, thereby speeding up the aging process.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Evaporation\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The process by which water becomes a vapor at a temperature below the boiling point.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Facultative\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Organisms that can survive and function in the presence or absence of free, elemental oxygen.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Fecal coliform\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The portion of the coliform bacteria group that is present in the intestinal tracts and feces of warm-blooded animals.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Filtration\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The mechanical process that removes particulate matter by separating water from solid mate- rial, usually by passing it through sand.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Floc\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Solids that join to form larger particles that will settle better.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Flocculation\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Slow mixing process in which particles are brought into contact, with the intent of promoting their agglomeration.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Flume\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"A flow-rate measurement device.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Fluoridation\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Chemical addition to water to reduce incidence of dental caries in children .\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Food-to-microorganisms ratio (F/M)\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"An activated sludge process control calculation based on the amount of food (BOD or COD) available per pound of mixed liquor volatile suspended solids.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Force main\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"A pipe that carries wastewater under pressure from the discharge side of a pump to a point of gravity flow downstream.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Grab sample\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"An individual sample collected at a randomly selected time.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Graywater\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Water that has been used for showering, clothes washing, and faucet uses; kitchen sink and toilet water is excluded. This water has excellent potential for reuse as irrigation for yards.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Grit\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Heavy inorganic solids, such as sand, gravel, egg- shells, or metal filings.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Groundwater\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The supply of fresh water found beneath the surface of the Earth (usually in aquifers) often used for supplying wells and springs. Because groundwater is a major source of drinking water, concern is growing over areas where leaching agricultural or industrial pollutants or substances from leaking underground storage tanks (USTs) are contaminating groundwater.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Groundwater hydrology\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The branch of hydrology that deals with groundwater, its occurrence and movements, its replenishment and depletion, the properties of rocks that control groundwater movement and storage, and the methods of investigation and use of groundwater.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Groundwater recharge\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Inflow to a groundwater reservoir.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Groundwater runoff\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"A portion of runoff that has passed into the ground, has become groundwater, and has been discharged into a stream channel as spring or seepage water.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Influent\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Wastewater entering a tank, channel, or treatment process.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Inorganic chemicals/compounds\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Chemical substances of mineral origin, not of a carbon structure. These include metals such as lead, iron (ferric chloride), and cadmium.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Ion exchange process\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Used to remove hardness from water.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Jar test\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Laboratory procedure used to estimate proper coagulant dosage.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Langelier saturation index (LSI)\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"A numerical index that indicates whether calcium carbonate will be deposited or dissolved in a distribution system.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Leaching\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The process by which soluble materials in the soil such as nutrients, pesticide chemicals, or contaminants are washed into a lower layer of soil or are dissolved and carried away by water.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Lift station\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"A wastewater pumping station designed to lift the wastewater to a higher elevation. A lift station normally employs pumps or other mechanical devices to pump the wastewater and dis- charges into a pressure pipe called a force main.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Mean cell residence time (MCRT)\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The average length of time a mixed liquor suspended solids particle remains in the activated sludge process; may also be referred to as sludge retention time.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS)\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The concentration of organic matter in the mixed liquor suspended solids.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Nephelometric turbidity unit (NTU)\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Indicates the amount of turbidity in a water sample.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Nitrogenous oxygen demand (NOD)\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"A measure of the amount of oxygen required to biologically oxidize nitrogen compounds under specified conditions of time and temperature.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Pollution caused by surface runoff of sediment, nutrients, and organic and toxic substances originating from land use activities that are carried to lakes and streams. Nonpoint source pollution occurs when the rate of materials entering these waterbodies exceeds natural levels.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Nutrients\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Substances required to support living organ- isms. Usually refers to nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, and other trace metals.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Parts per million (ppm)\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The number of parts by weight of a substance per million parts of water; this unit is commonly used to represent pollutant concentrations. Large concentrations are expressed in per- centages.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Pathogenic\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Disease causing; a pathogenic organism is capable of causing illness.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Percolation\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The movement of water through the subsurface soil layers, usually continuing downward to the groundwater or water table reservoirs.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"pH\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"A way of expressing both acidity and alkalinity on a scale of 0 to 14, with 7 representing neutrality; numbers less than 7 indicate increasing acidity, and numbers greater than 7 indicate increasing alkalinity.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Photosynthesis\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"A process in green plants in which water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight combine to form sugar.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Piezometric surface\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"An imaginary surface that coincides with the hydrostatic pressure level of water in an aquifer.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Point source pollution\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"A type of water pollution resulting from discharges into receiving waters from easily identifiable points. Common point sources of pollution are discharges from factories and municipal sewage treatment plants.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Porosity\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Measure of the part of a rock containing pore spaces without regard to size, shape, interconnection, or arrangement of openings; it is expressed as percentage of total volume occupied by spaces.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Potable water\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Water satisfactorily safe for drinking purposes from the standpoint of its chemical, physical, and biological characteristics.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Precipitate\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"A deposit of hail, rain, mist, sleet, or snow. The process by which atmospheric water becomes surface or subsurface water is precipitation, a term that is commonly used to designate the quantity of water precipitated.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Radon\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"A radioactive, colorless, odorless gas that occurs naturally in the earth; when radon is trapped in buildings, concentrations build up that can cause health hazards such as lung cancer.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Recharge\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The addition of water into a groundwater system.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Reservoir\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"A pond, lake, tank, or basin (natural or man- made) where water is collected and used for storage. Large bodies of groundwater are called groundwater reservoirs; water behind a dam is also referred to as a reservoir of water.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Return activated sludge solids (RASS)\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The concentration of suspended solids in the sludge flow being returned from the settling tank to the head of the aeration tank.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Reverse osmosis—\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Process in which almost pure water is passed through a semipermeable membrane.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"River basin\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"A term used to designate the area drained by a river and its tributaries.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Schmutzdecke\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Layer of solids and biological growth that forms on top of a slow sand filter, allowing the filter to remove turbidity effectively without chemical coagulation.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Scum\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The mixture of floatable solids and water removed from the surface of the settling tank.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Sediment\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Transported and deposited particles derived from rocks, soil, or biological material.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Sedimentation\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"A process that reduces the velocity of water in basins so suspended material can settle out by gravity.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Seepage\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The appearance and disappearance of water at the ground surface. Seepage designates movement of water in saturated material; it differs from percolation, which is predominantly the movement of water in unsaturated material.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Septic tanks\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Tanks used to hold domestic wastes when a sewer line is not available to carry them to a treatment plant. The wastes are piped to under- ground tanks directly from a house. Bacteria in the wastes decompose some of the organic matter, the sludge settles on the bottom of the tank, and the effluent flows out of the tank into the ground through drains.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Settleability\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"A process control test used to evaluate the settling characteristics of the activated sludge. Readings taken at 30 to 60 minutes are used to calculate the settled sludge volume (SSV) and the sludge volume index (SVI).\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Settled sludge volume (SSV)\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The volume (in percent) occupied by an activated sludge sample after 30 to 60 minutes of settling. Normally written as SSV with a subscript to indicate the time of the reading used for calculation (e.g., SSV60 or SSV30).\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Sludge\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The mixture of settleable solids and water removed from the bottom of the settling tank.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Sludge volume index (SVI)\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"A process control calculation used to evaluate the settling quality of the activated sludge; requires the SSV30 and mixed liquor sus- pended solids test results to calculate.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Soil moisture (soil water)\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Water diffused in the soil. It is found in the upper part of the zone of aeration from which water is discharged by transpiration from plants or by soil evaporation.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Specific heat\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The heat capacity of a material per unit mass. The amount of heat (in calories) required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance 1°C; the specific heat of water is 1 calorie.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Storm sewer\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"A collection system designed to carry only stormwater runoff.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Stormwater\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Runoff resulting from rainfall and snowmelt.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Supernatant\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The liquid standing above a sediment or precipitate.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Surface tension\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The free energy produced in a liquid surface by the unbalanced inward pull exerted by molecules underlying the layer of surface molecules.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Surface water\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Lakes, bays, ponds, impounding reservoirs, springs, rivers, streams, creeks, estuaries, wet- lands, marshes, inlets, canals, gulfs inside the territorial limits of the state, and all other bodies of surface water, natural or artificial, inland or coastal, fresh or salt, navigable or non-navigable, and including the beds and banks of all water- courses and bodies of surface water that are wholly or partially inside or bordering the state or subject to the jurisdiction of the state. Waters in treatment systems that are authorized by state or federal law, regulation, or permit and which are created for the purpose of water treatment are not considered to be waters in the state.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Thermal pollution\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The degradation of water quality by the introduction of a heated effluent. Primarily the result of the discharge of cooling waters from industrial processes (particularly from electrical power generation); waste heat eventually results from virtually every energy conversion.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Titrant\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"A solution of known strength of concentration; used in titration.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Titration\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"A process whereby a solution of known strength (titrant) is added to a certain volume of treated sample containing an indicator; a color change shows when the reaction is complete.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Titrator\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"An instrument, usually a calibrated cylinder (tube-form), used in titration to measure the amount of titrant being added to the sample.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Total dissolved solids\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The amount of material (inorganic salts and small amounts of organic material) dissolved in water and commonly expressed as a con- centration in terms of milligrams per liter.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Total suspended solids (TSS)\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Total suspended solids in water, commonly expressed as a concentration in terms of milligrams per liter. Toxicity—The occurrence of lethal or sublethal adverse affects on representative sensitive organisms due to exposure to toxic materials. Adverse effects caused by conditions of temperature, dissolved oxygen, or nontoxic dissolved substances are excluded from the definition of toxicity.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Transpiration\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The process by which water vapor escapes from the living plant (principally the leaves) and enters the atmosphere\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Vaporization\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The change of a substance from a liquid or solid state to a gaseous state.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Volatile organic compound (VOC)\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Any organic compound that participates in atmospheric photochemical reactions except for those designated by the USEPA Administrator as having negligible photo- chemical reactivity.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Waste activated sludge solids (WASS)\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The concentration of suspended solids in the sludge being removed from the activated sludge process.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Wastewater\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The water supply of a community after it has been soiled by use.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Water cycle\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The process by which water travels in a sequence from the air (condensation) to the Earth (precipitation) and returns to the atmosphere (evaporation); it is also referred to as the hydro- logic cycle.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Water quality\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"A term used to describe the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water with respect to its suitability for a particular use.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Water quality standard\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"A plan for water quality management containing four major elements: water use, criteria to protect uses, implementation plans, and enforcement plans. An antidegradation statement is sometimes prepared to protect existing high- quality waters.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Water supply\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Any quantity of available water.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Waterborne disease\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"A disease caused by a microorganism that is carried from one person or animal to another by water.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Watershed\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The area of land that contributes surface run- off to a given point in a drainage system.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Weir\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"A device used to measure wastewater flow.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Zone of aeration\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"A region in the earth above the water table; water in the zone of aeration is under atmospheric pressure and would not flow into a well.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Zoogleal slime\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The biological slime that forms on fixed- film treatment devices. It contains a wide variety of organisms essential to the treatment process.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Aeration\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The process of bubbling air through a solution, sometimes cleaning water of impurities by exposure to air.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Buffer\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"A substance or solution that resists changes in pH.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Stream\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"A general term for a body of flowing water. In hydrology, the term is generally applied to the\nwater flowing in a natural channel as distinct from a canal.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Ephemeral\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"a stream that flows only in direct response to precipitation and whose channel is at all times above the water table\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Intermittent or seasonal\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"a stream that flows only at certain times of the year when it receives water from springs, rainfall, or from sur- face sources such as melting snow\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Perennial\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"a stream that flows continuously\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Gaining\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"a stream or reach of a stream that receives water from the zone of saturation (an effluent stream)\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Insulated\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"a stream or reach of a stream that neither contributes water to the zone of saturation nor receives water from it and is separated from the zones of saturation by an impermeable bed\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Losing\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"a stream or reach of a stream that contributes water to the zone of saturation—an influent stream\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Perched\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"a losing stream or an insulated stream that is separated from the under- lying groundwater by a zone of aeration.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"permit that authorizes the discharged treated wastes and specifies the condition, which must be met for discharge\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Milligrams/Liter (mg/L)\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"a measure of concentration. It is equivalent to parts per million\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"MLVSS (Mixed Liquor Volatile Suspended Solids)\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"the concentration of organic matter in the mixed liquor suspended solids\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Effluent Limitation\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"any restriction imposed by the regulatory agency on quantities, discharge rates, or concentrations of pollutants that are discharged from point sources into state waters\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Industrial Wastewater\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"wastes associated with industrial manufacturing processes\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Inflow\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"water discharged into sewer pipes or service connections from such sources as foundation drains, roof leaders, cellar and yard drains, cooling water from air conditioners, and other clean-water discharges from commercial and industrial establishments\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Infiltration\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"water entering the collection system through cracks, joints, or breaks\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Steady Inflow\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"water discharged from cellar and foundation drains, cooling water discharges, and drains from springs and swampy areas.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Direct Flow\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"those types of inflow that have a direct stormwater runoff connection to the sanitary sewer and cause an almost immediate increase in wastewater flows. Possible sources are roof leaders, yard and areaway drains, manhole covers, cross connections from storm drains and catch basins, and combined sewers\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Total Inflow\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"the sum of the direct inflow at any point in the system plus any flow discharged from the system upstream through overflows and pumping station bypasses.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Delayed Inflow\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"stormwater that may require several days or more to drain through the sewer system. This category can include the discharge of sump pumps from cellar drainage as well as the slowed entry of surface water through manholes in ponded areas\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"License\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"a certificate issued by the state board of waterworks or wastewater works operators authorizing the holder to perform the duties of a wastewater treatment plant operator\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Mixed Liquor\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"the combination of return activated sludge and wastewater in the aeration tank\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids (MLSS)\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The amount (mg/L) of suspended solids in the mixed liquor of an aeration tank.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Organic\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"materials that consist of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen. Many are biologically degradable. All compounds can be converted to carbon dioxide and water when subjected to high temperatures.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Sanitary Wastewater\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"wastes discharged from residences and from commercial, institutional, and similar facilities that include both sewage and industrial wastes\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Septic\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"a wastewater that has no dissolved oxygen present. Generally characterized by black color and rotten egg odors\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Sewage\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Wastewater containing human wastes.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Sludge Retention Time\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"mean cell residence time\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Discharge Monitoring Report (DMR)\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"the monthly report required by the treatment plant's National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) discharge permit\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Food\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"also known as organic load\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Amines\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"smells like fishy odor\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Skatole\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"smells like fecal odor\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Mercptans\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"smells like rotten cabbage\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Hydrogen sulfide\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"smells like rotten egg\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"20 to 30 mins\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"under optimal conditions bacteria can double their numbers approximately every\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Anerobic\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"semi-denitrification process, nag-rrelease ng phosphorus yung mga microorganism para sa survival nila. Uptake CBOD as carbon source.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Anoxic\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"denitrification of pseudomonas, high pH (alakaline), uptake CBOD for denitrification process\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Aerobic\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"mixed with oxygen, phosphate are consumed for the nitrification process, pH level decrease due to nitrification process, as well as CBOD until its removed in the system. Nitrosomonas to nitrobacter\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Nitrification\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"biological process of ammonia to nitrate via nitrite\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Denitrification\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"nitrate to nitrogen molecules\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Conventional (plug-flow)\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"long and narrow reactor, aeration uniformly distributed, MLSS removed at the end of the tank\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Contact tank\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"BOD is absorbed by microorganism\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Stabilization tank\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"BOD is metabolized by microorganism\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Kraus\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"nitrogen deficient, poor settling, need digester supernatant and digester sludge, effluent from re-aeration is mixed with return sludge for nitrogen deficiency\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Step-feed\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"oxygen is uniformly distributed, good for shock load, distributed loading minimizes decrease in DO\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Completely mixed activated sludge (CMAS)\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"same/equal conditions, greater volumetric loading, greater microbial population, efficient aeration, tolerant to shock load, effluent and return sludge is uniformly distributed, MLSS removed uniformly\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Physical characteristics of Domestic Wastewater\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"freshly turned earth odor, kerosene odor, gray in color\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Physical characteristics of Septic Wastewater\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"offensive odor and black color\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"10-20C\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"wastewater temperature\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"0.1%\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"total solids in wastewater\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"99.9%\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"total water in wastewater\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"30mins\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"settleable solids will settle in\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Suspended solids\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"will remain in suspension\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"BOD\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"the amount of oxygen required to stabilize organic matter\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"COD\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"the amount of oxygen required to stabilize organic or inorganic using chemical such as potassium dichromate, generally greater than BOD5 in terms of value\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"1hr\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"COD test, takes about _____ faster than BOD Test, can be used to aid in the operation & control of treatment plants\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"measure of total organic nitrogen, nitrogen gas & ammonia nitrogen (including ammonium)\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Total Nitrogen\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"sum of all nitrogen, including nitrite & nitrate nitrogen\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Total Phosphorus\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"all forms including orthophosphates, polyphosphates & organic phosphate\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Pretreatment\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"the purpose is to provide protection to the wastewater treatment plant equipments, equalization step is also included\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Screening by Bar Rack or Bar Screen\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"remove large objects that would damage & foul pumps, valves & other mechanical equipments\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Grit Chamber\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"remove inert dense materials called grit that may cause pipe & equipment clogging such as sand, silt, egg shells, pebbles\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Horizontal flow grit chamber or velocity controlled\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"flowing the liquid at velocity of 2 ft/s in the pipe & 1 ft/s in the channel, and let the grit to settle\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Aerated Grit Chamber\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"maintaning helical liquid flow pattern from the inlet to outlet weir by introduction of air at the bottom\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Vortex or Circular Chamber\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"producing spiral & doughnut-shaped flow pattern using a turbine with adjustable-pitch blades\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Solid Grinding or Commnunition\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"grinding of coarse solids into more or less uniform size\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Macerators\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"device that chop up wastewater solids by revolving cutting bars\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Flow Equalization\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"dampens flow variation thru large basin that collect & store wastewater flow\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Equalization Basin\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"maintains a constant volumetric flow of wastewater from pretreatment to other downstream operation, dampens hydraulic or flowrate variation\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Primary Treatment\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"to remove pollutants that will either settle or float, typically removes 60% suspended solids & 35% BOD5\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Sedimentation tank\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"round or rectangular tank that removes light organic suspended solids by sedimentation, with typical 2 hour detention time\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Raw Sludge\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"the mass of settled solid in primary sedimentation tank\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Secondary Treatment\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"to remove the soluble BOD5 that escapes the primary process, to provide added removal of suspended solids, achieved by using biological processes, remove more than 85% BOD5\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Activated Sludge process\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"a biological wastetreatment technique in which a mixture of wastewater & biological solids (microorganism) is agitated & aerated\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Biomass/ Biosolids/ Biofilm (attached growth process)\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"content of activated sludge, the cell mass or the sludge itself & microorganism including bacteria & protozoa\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Substrates\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"the organic matter that serves as food & nutrients for the microorganism\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Secondary Clarifier or Final Clarifier\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"settling tank that follows the aeration tank in secondary treatment\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Aeration Tank\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"reactor where in air is injected to mix the return activated sludge with the wastewater & to suuply the oxygen needed for the microorganisms to break down the organic matter, 6-8 hrs detention time, 8m³ of air for every 1m³ of wastewater\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Activated Sludge/ Biologic Flocs/ Biosolids\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"active mass of microbes formed by clumping together of microorganism\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Return Activated Sludge\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"settled sludge in secondary clarifier is returrned to the aeration tank to maintain the high population of microbes that permits rapid breakdown of the organic matter, about 20-30% of the wastewater flow\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Mixed Liquor\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"the mixture of return activated sludge & wastewater in the aeration tank\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Diffuser\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"system of perforated pipes & porous stones near the bottom of the aeration tank that injected the air\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Wasting\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"portion of the microorganism that is discarded from the process to maintain the proper amount of the microorganism for efficient stabilization of organic\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Waste Activated Sludge\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"discarded microorganism\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Mean Cell Residence Time (MCRt)/ Solids Retention Time (SRT)/ Sludge Age\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"the average amount of time that microorganisms are kept in the system\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Hydraulic Detention Time (HDT)\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"average time the wastewater is in the tank\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"FM Ratio\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"regulation performance of activated sludge process\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"High Rate of Wasting\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"causes high F/M Ratio, yields organisms that are saturated with food, resulting to poor treatment efficiency \n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Low Rate of Wasting\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"causes low F/M Raio, yields organisms that are starved result in complete degradation of waste\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"High F/M Ratio\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"corresponds to short MCRT\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Low F/M Ratio\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"corresponds to long MCRT\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Oxidation Ponds/ Lagoons/ Stabilization Ponds\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"a pond or lagoon used to treat organic waste by biological & physical processes, through the interaction of sunlight, bacteria & algea, recommended for small qty of waste\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Aerobic Ponds\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"shallow pons less than 1m in depth, where dissolved oxygen is maintained throughout the entire depth mainly by the action of photosynthesis, light penetrates to the bottom(algea)\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Anaerobic ponds\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"deep ponds about 2.5 - 3.5m in depth that receive high organic loadings that anaerobic conditions prevail throughout the entire depth, primarily used as pretreatment process suited for high temp, high strength wastewater\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Acid Fermentation\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"first stage of anaerobic treatment, complex organic material are broken down mainly to short chain acids & alcohols\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Methane Fermentation\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"second stage of anaerobic treatment, converting acids & alcohol primarily into methane & carbon dioxide\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Facultative Ponds\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"ponds abouth 1 - 2.5m in depth, which have an anaerobic lower zone, a facultative middle zone & an aerobic upper zone maintained by photosynthesis & surface aeration by wind\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Maturation/ Tertiary/ Polishing Ponds\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"ponds used for polishing effluents from other biological processes\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Aerated Lagoons\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"ponds oxygenated through the action of surface & diffused air aeration\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Trickling Filters\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"an aerobic treatment system that utilizises microorganisms attached to a medium to remove organic matter from the wastewater\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Biofilm or Slime Layer\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"a population of microorganism attached to the medium which degrade organic material as wastewater flows over the medium\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Media\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"bed coarse material where the microorganisms attach & accumulate, ex. Stones, slats, plastic materials\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Sloughing\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"as biological film continuous to grow & thickens, oxygen cannot penetrate the medium face & anaerobic organism develop, loses the ability of the slime to cling to the medium resulting to fall off the medium\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Recirculation\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"return of a portion of the flow to the incoming flow into the reactor, influent, to increase contact efficiency, dampens loading, raise the DO of influent, prevent biofilm from drying out during low water level\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Recirculation ratio\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"ratio of the returned flow to the incoming flow\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Rotation biological contractor (RBC)\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"consists of a series of closely spaced discs (3 - 3.5m Ø) mounted on a horizontal shaft and rotated while about 1/2 of their surfacce is immersed in wastewater, allowing microorganisms to grown on the media forming slime & absorb organic compounds for breakdown\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"bring growth, provide media, aerate wastewater\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Purposes of the discs\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Integrated Fixed-Film Activated Sludge (IFAS)\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"modification activated sludge with fixed film media is a suspended growth reactor, with the purpose to increase the biomass in the reactor thus reduce basin size & increase the capacity of an existing basin in a retrofit application\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR)\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"hybrid reactor suspended & fixed film process, uses complete mix reactor with aeration & small plastic elements (7 - 22mm Ø) to support the growth of biofilm in the aeration, & does not use return sludge flow\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Disinfection\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"the addition of a disinfectant to the treated waster such as chlorine, to kill pathogenic microorganism\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Dechlorination\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"reduces the effects of using chlorine as a disinfectant\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Tertiary Treatment or Advance Wastewater Treatment\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"involve chemical treatment & filtration of wastewater, removes BOD5 as much as 99%, suspended solids, bacteria & pathogens, nitrogen & phosphorus\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Filtration\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"for the removal of suspended solids & unsettled microorganism (bioflocs) left after secondary treatment\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Granular Filtration\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"remove the residual suspended solids & microorganism, using filter media or multiple filter media such as low-density coal, medium density sand & high density garnet\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Membrane Filtration\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"replacement for granular filtration, allowing wastewater to pass a membrane filter by applying pressure, higher SS & BOD removal than granular filtration\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Carbon Adsorption\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"effective in removal of soluble organic materials that are resistant to biological breakdown (refractory organic compounds), by adsorption or accumulation of contaminant at an interface of the adsorbent, most commonly use adsorbent is the activated carbon\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Chemical Phosphorus Removal\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"removal of phosphorus to prevent eutrophication is typically accomplished by chemical precipitation using coagulants such as ferric chloride, alum or lime\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Alum & Ferric Chloride\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"give off H+ thus reducing pH, recommended in high pH\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Lime\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"gives off OH- thus increasing pH, recommended for low pH\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Biological Phosphorus Removal\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"the phosphorus in the wastewater is incorporated into cell mass in excess of levels needed for cell synthesis and maintenance, accomplished by moving biomass from an anaerobic to an aerobic environment, biomass of heterotrophic bacteria called polyphospahte accumulating organisms (PAO)\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Polyphosphate Accumulating Organism (PAO)\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"responsible for the removal of phosphate from anaerobic to aerobic environment\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Nitrification\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"natural process that convert Ammonia to nitrite & furtherly to nitrate by microorganism such as Nitrosomonas & Nitrobacter\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Denitrification\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"natural process that convert Nitrate to Nitrogen gas by mircoorganisms such as Pseudomonas\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Ammonia Stripping\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"removing of nitrogen in the form of ammonia by raising the pH to convert the ammonium aion into ammonia, can be accomplished by supplying lime which gives off hydoxide OH-\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Unit operation\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"application of Physical Forces\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Unit process\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"by chemical or biological reactions\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Screen\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"is a device with generally uniform openings that is used to retain coarse solids.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Class AA\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Public Water Supply Class 1 - Intended primarily for waters having watersheds, which are uninhabited and/or otherwise declared as protected areas, and which require only approved disinfection to meet the latest PNSDW\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Class A\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Public Water Supply Class 2 - Intended as sources of water supply requiring convention treatment (coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection) to meet the latest PNSDW\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Class B\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Recreational Water Class 1 - Intended for primary contact recreation (bathing, swimming, etc.)\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Class C\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Fishery Water, Recreational Water Class 2, For agriculture, irrigation, and livestock watering\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Public Water Supply Class 1\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Intended primarily for waters having watersheds, which are uninhabited and/or otherwise declared as protected areas, and which require only approved disinfection to meet the latest PNSDW\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Recreational Water Class 1\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Intended for primary contact recreation (bathing, swimming, etc.)\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Public Water Supply Class 2\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Intended as sources of water supply requiring convention treatment (coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection) to meet the latest PNSDW\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Recreational Water Class 2\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"For boating, fishing or similar activities\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Protected Waters\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Waters designated as national or local marine parks, reserves, sanctuaries, and other areas established by law\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Fishery Water Class 1\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Suitable for shellfish harvesting for direct human consumption\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Class SA\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Protected water, Fishery Water Class 1\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Fishery Water Class 2\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Waters suitable for commercial propagation of shellfish and intended as spawning areas for milkfish (Chanos chanos) and similar species\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Tourist zone\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"For ecotourism and recreational activities\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Class SB\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Fishery Water Class 2, Tourist zone, recreation water class 1\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Fishery Water Class 3\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"For the propagation and growth of fish and other aquatic resources and intended for commercial and sustenance fishing\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Class SC\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Fishery Water Class 3, Recreation Water Class 2, Marshy and/or mangrove areas declared as fish and wildlife sanctuaries\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Breakthrough\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"In filtering, when unwanted materials start to pass through the filter.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Field capacity\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The capacity of soil to hold water; it is measured as the ratio of the weight of water retained by the soil to the weight of the dry soil.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Organic chemicals/compounds\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Animal- or plant-produced substances containing mainly carbon, hydro- gen, and oxygen, such as benzene and toluene.\n"}]} ####