The 1920s was a transformative decade for Dublin, marked by significant political, social, and economic changes. Life in Dublin during this time was a mix of tradition and new beginnings, as the city adjusted to its role as the capital of the newly independent Irish Free State.
Life and Society
Life in Dublin in the 1920s was challenging. The city was recovering from the aftermath of the Irish War of Independence (1919-1921) and the subsequent Civil War (1922-1923). Many families had experienced loss and upheaval. Despite these hardships, there was a strong sense of community and resilience.
Education was a priority, with many children attending school. New educational policies aimed to improve literacy and promote the Irish language. Trinity College and University College Dublin were prominent centers of higher education.. Dublin’s landmarks were witnesses to its turbulent history and cultural rebirth. The General Post Office (GPO) on O’Connell Street, famously damaged during the 1916 Easter Rising, was a symbol of Irish independence. The Four Courts, another significant site, was partially destroyed during the Civil War but remained an important legal center. St. Stephen’s Green continued to be a popular spot for relaxation and socializing. Phoenix Park, one of the largest enclosed parks in any European capital, offered Dubliners a vast green space for leisure and recreation. Notable Events The signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty in 1921 led to the establishment of the Irish Free State in 1922, with Dublin as its capital. The civil war that followed was a period of intense conflict, but it ended with the consolidation of the Free State. In 1922, Michael Collins, a key figure in the fight for independence, was assassinated, leaving a significant impact on the nation’s politics. The decade also saw the foundation of the Irish Free State Army and the establishment of the new government. The economy of Dublin in the 1920s was slowly rebuilding after years of conflict. The port of Dublin was vital for trade, and industries such as brewing, textiles, and manufacturing were important for employment. Guinness, a major employer, continued to be a significant presence in the city. Construction projects in Dublin reflected the city’s recovery and growth. The rebuilding of damaged structures and the development of new housing were priorities. Public works projects aimed at improving infrastructure, such as roads and public buildings, were undertaken to support the growing population. Dubliners enjoyed a variety of dining options in the 1920s. Upscale restaurants and hotels, like the Shelbourne Hotel, remained popular for the wealthy. Middle-class families frequented local cafes and bistros, while street vendors and small eateries served the working class. Traditional Irish dishes, such as stew, colcannon, and soda bread, were staples. Fish and chips were a common and affordable meal, especially near the docks. Pubs played a central role in social life, offering hearty meals and a place to gather. The cultural scene in Dublin during the 1920s was lively and diverse. The Abbey Theatre, established in 1904, continued to be a center for Irish drama, showcasing works by playwrights like Sean O’Casey and W.B. Yeats. The Gate Theatre, founded in 1928, brought innovative productions to the city. Music halls, cinemas, and dance halls were popular entertainment venues. Jazz and traditional Irish music coexisted, reflecting both modern influences and cultural heritage. Dublin’s literary scene flourished, with figures like James Joyce and Samuel Beckett contributing to its rich literary tradition. Public services in Dublin improved significantly during the 1920s. The introduction of electric trams made transportation more efficient and accessible. The city worked on modernizing its water supply and sanitation systems, enhancing public health and living conditions. Electricity became more widespread, lighting homes and streets and powering new appliances. These advancements marked a step toward modernity, improving the quality of life for many Dubliners.Read more
Famous Places and Landmarks
Economy and Construction
Restaurants and Food
Culture and Entertainment
Public Services and Infrastructure
#1 The Four Courts in Dublin ablaze after an explosion during the Irish Civil War, 1922.
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#2 The Four Courts in Dublin showing an armored car used in the attack by the Irish Free State troops, 1922.
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#3 The first meeting of the Irish Free State Senate in Dublin with Sir John Griffiths arriving, 1922.
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#4 The first meeting of the Irish Free State Senate in Dublin with Rt Hon H G Burgess and Mr James Moran arriving, 1922.
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#5 The first meeting of the Irish Free State Senate in Dublin with Mrs Stopford Green and Mrs Eileen Costello arriving, 1922.
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#6 The first meeting of the Irish Free State Senate in Dublin with Cathal O’Shannon and W Johnson arriving, 1922.
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#7 The Four Courts exploding during the Irish Civil War, 1922.
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#8 Trinity Library, Cambridge, 1923.
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#9 The Round Tower of Swords, Dublin, 1920s.
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#10 A landscape view of Howth Head near Dublin, 1920s.
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#11 A photograph of Poulaphouca on the River Liffey in Ireland, 1920s.
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#12 A view of Bray Road taken from the Scalp in County Dublin, 1920s.
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#13 Elephant House, Zoological Gardens, Phoenix Park, Dublin, 1925.
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#14 Mr McNeill, the new Governor General of the Irish Free State, with his wife, 1928.
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#15 Winetavern Street, Dublin.
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#16 The fateful session of the Dail Eireann at the new University College, Dublin with the speaker, Professor John MacNeil arriving, 1921.
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#17 The Dail Eireann meeting at the Mansion House, Dublin with Mr Frank P Walsh of the Irish Independent Committee, 1921.
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#18 The Mansion House, Dawson Street, Dublin, 1920.
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#19 Parliament House, College Green, Dublin, 1920.
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#20 Chief secretary’s lodge Phoenix Park, Dublin, 1920.
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#21 The fateful session of the Dail Eireann opened at the New University College Dublin, 1921.
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#22 The fateful session of the Dail Eireann opened at the New University College Dublin, 1921.
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#23 The Irish Governor General’s first speech to both houses at the Vice Regal Lodge, Dublin, 1922.
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#24 The Irish Governor General’s first speech to both houses at Dublin with Mr T M Healy outside the Senate House, 1922.
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#25 The Irish Governor General’s first speech to both houses at the Vice Regal Lodge, Dublin, 1922.
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#26 Auxiliaries arriving at Beggars Bush Barracks, Dublin for demobilisation, 1922.
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#27 Dublin’s farewell to British troops with Free State troops entering the gates of the Vice Regal Lodge, 1922.
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#28 An embarkation scene as British troops evacuate Ireland, 1922.
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#29 Dublin’s farewell to British troops as the troopship moved away, 1922.
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#30 The Irish Governor General’s first speech to both houses at Dublin with Lord Glenavy arriving, 1922.
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#31 Sackville Street during midday, 1922.
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#32 The new government buildings, Dublin, 1922.
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#33 An Irish Free State 18 pounder gun bombarding the Four Courts before the capture, 1922.
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#34 The capture of the Four Courts in Dublin with a view of the bombardment, 1922.
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#35 Mountjoy Prison, Dublin, 1920.
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#36 Trinity College, Dublin, 1920.
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#37 The Provisional Government of Southern Ireland takes over control of Dublin Castle with the car containing Mr Michael Collins passing through the arch, 1922.
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#38 The Provisional Government of Southern Ireland takes over control of Dublin Castle with troops removing the barbed wire from an approach to the castle, 1922.
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#39 British armored cars provide reinforcements to the troops guarding the 104 Sinn Fein prisoners who are on a hunger strike in Dublin Prison, 1920.
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#40 Officers examining the licence of a lady motorist in Dublin, 1920.
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#41 The O’Connell Bridge over the River Liffey, in Dublin City, Ireland, 1920s.
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#42 Irish mothers and their babies listening to speeches from the Panel Coalition candidate in mid Dublin during the 1922 Irish elections, 1922.
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#43 Peasants wearing national costume gather to hear election speeches in mid Dublin during the 1922 Irish General Election, 1922.
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#44 The Four Courts in Dublin ablaze with the western block of the building containing the Irish Public Record Office, 1922.
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#45 The gap torn in the front of the Four Courts showing the damage near the main entrance, 1922.
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